Child health in Iraq has suffered over two turbulent decades. Although improvements have occurred since the initiation of the Oil for Food Program in 1997, child health is still far worse than it had been in 1990. Rapid, measurable improvements in child health status, however, are possible. This report identifies programmatic interventions and delivery strategies that can reduce infant and child mortality rates in Iraq up to 50% within 12 to 18 months. These interventions include promotion of exclusive breastfeeding, improved care of the newborn, oral rehydration therapy, nutritional supplementation, immunizations, domestic hygiene promotion, and appropriate administration and prescription of antibiotics. Each intervention is partially contingent on improvements in security, electrical and water systems, and skills among Iraqi staff, as well as on consensus to prioritize child survival. However, some activities, such as the publication of treatment algorithms and health education materials and the distribution of consumer commodities, can be implemented immediately. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) is in a unique position to stimulate, coordinate, and lead interventions to improve child survival in Iraq.