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        <title>InfoShare Partner - Centre For Operations Research And Training</title>
        <description>Population and Health InfoShare : Newest 15 Documents by Centre For Operations Research And Training. Sharing Knowledge to Improve Public Health Worldwide</description>
        <link>http://www.phishare.org/documents/CORT/?order=Date%20DESC</link>
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            <title>Attitudes towards Male and Female Sterilisation</title>
            <link>http://www.phishare.org/files/482_male-female-sterilization.doc</link>
            <description><![CDATA[This is a study of community’s awareness, knowledge and attitude about various family planning methods, particularly no-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) and minilaparotomy and their preferences and choice of contraceptives. The study was conducted in two districts of Uttar Pradesh, Almora and Gorakhpur. Using a multi-stage sampling technique four PHCs, 28 villages and 334 adults (166 men and 168 women) were randomly selected. The study found many misconceptions regarding male sterilisation. Women’s fears about vasectomy were mostly rooted in economic concerns – that vasectomy would weaken men, would affect their ability to work and in turn affect the family’s income, and women would be blamed for letting their husbands take the risk. For men loss of virility was the major concern. The level of awareness about NSV was low, but when explained the procedure and then asked about its acceptability, more men than women opined that it would be accepted. The community considers individual counselling by doctors as the most effective way to popularise vasectomy.]]></description>
            <author>cortresearch@sify.com (Centre for Operations Research and Training)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2003 10:20:21 +0100</pubDate>
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            <title>A Study of Domestic Violence in Rural Gujarat</title>
            <link>http://www.phishare.org/files/481_domestic-violence.DOC</link>
            <description><![CDATA[The study assesses the prevalence and forms of violence against women, particularly domestic violence in a rural community, the community’s perception of and attitude towards violence against women, the factors which contribute to its perpetuation and their suggestions for reduction and prevention of violence. Qualitative methods like free listing, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews of men and women were used. Based on the findings from the qualitative approaches, a representative sample survey was conducted covering 139 men and 152 women selected from 12 villages of Savli taluka of Vadodara district, Gujarat. The frequently reported forms of violence in the community were verbal abuse like scolding, taunting, and abusive language. Slapping, kicking/punching/hitting with an object, pulling by the hair/dragging, forced sex, were the types of physical abuse reported. Mental torture by not giving money for household expenditure, criticizing the quality of food cooked by the wife, labeling the wife as characterless, threatening to divorce her or go to other women and abusing the wife's natal family was reported. One-third of the women and an almost equal percentage of men reported having been mistreated by their husbands/having mistreated their wives in the last 6 months.]]></description>
            <author>cortresearch@sify.com (Centre for Operations Research and Training)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2003 10:18:47 +0100</pubDate>
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            <title>Sexual Violence within Marriage</title>
            <link>http://www.phishare.org/files/480_sexual-violence-within-marriage.doc</link>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper attempts to look into women’s experiences of sexual coercion and violence within marriage. Ninety-eight out of 115 women answered questions on sexual coercion. Nearly 70 percent of them reported sexual coercion – 21 percent reported physical violence, 14 percent reported anger, while the remaining 32 percent did not provide further details. Husbands turned abusive or threatened to send the women back to their natal family or go to other women. Majority of the women submitted to their husbands’ demand for sex, either out of fear that their husbands would act on these threats or out of a sense of duty that they should serve their husbands. It was also found that more women submitted to their husbands’ demand if their husbands reacted violently. Those who resisted generally did so by threatening to start screaming, “endangering his prestige”, threatening suicide, if forced to have sex, waking up young children who generally sleep with them and reporting false or prolonged menstrual period. Refusal to yield to husband’s coercion is found from relatively younger women, but not before having spent a few years (3 or more) of married life. In the initial stage of their married life, they were helpless. According to them, it was the only way to get the closeness and support of their husbands in their in-laws’ house, which is traditionally known for being difficult and demanding of daughters-in-law. Another observation made in this study is that often women’s resistance to sex, and the resultant sexual violence, starts from their fear of an unwanted pregnancy.]]></description>
            <author>cortresearch@sify.com (Centre for Operations Research and Training)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2003 10:16:47 +0100</pubDate>
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            <title>Vulnerability of Street and Working Children to HIV/AIDS</title>
            <link>http://www.phishare.org/files/479_street-working-children.doc</link>
            <description><![CDATA[This is a situation analysis of street and working children in three states of India. The study assess the level of awareness and attitudes regarding various reproductive health topics, including HIV/AIDS, their sexual behaviour, prevalence of STI through self reported symptoms, substance abuse and other important aspects of their lives like living and working conditions, health problems, and their social network. The study covered 882 street and working children. Reproductive health awareness is higher among boys than among girls and friends, followed by pornographic movies were the main sources of information. Though nearly one-third knew of a friend/peer who was sexually active, a lesser percentage reported ever having experienced penetrative sex. Physical abuse, sexual abuse, and use of addictive substances were also reported.]]></description>
            <author>cortresearch@sify.com (Centre for Operations Research and Training)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2003 10:13:29 +0100</pubDate>
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            <title>Barriers to Emergency Obstetric Care</title>
            <link>http://www.phishare.org/files/462_Barriers-to-EOC.doc</link>
            <description><![CDATA[This is a qualitative study carried out in five villages in three districts of Gujarat on the barriers to emergency obstetric care (EOC). Through focus group discussions with married women age 20-40 years, elderly women age 50 years and above, and adult males, the study aimed to understand the factors responsible for the delay in decision making in the family to shift the woman to the hospital and arranging for transport. It looked into the community’s perceptions of pregnancy complications and their treatment, the decision making process regarding when and from where to seek medical attention, and how the arrangement for transport, medical expenses are made and met by the community. The study shows that the community needs to be educated to recognise pregnancy complications so that they can act immediately.]]></description>
            <author>cortresearch@sify.com (Centre for Operations Research and Training)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2003 10:43:13 +0100</pubDate>
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            <title>Quality of Reproductive Health Services at Community Health Centres</title>
            <link>http://www.phishare.org/files/461_Qcare-at-CHCs.doc</link>
            <description><![CDATA[This is a study of quality of quality of reproductive health services at community health centres (CHC) in Vadodara district, Gujarat, India. CHCs function as the third tier of health system in the rural areas. They are generally 30-bed hospitals and serve a population of 80,000-120,000. Under the Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme, CHCs have been designated as first referral units (FRU) for essential obstetric care and paediatric services. With the launch of the Reproductive and Child Health Programme the CHCs have been upgraded for treatment and management of reproductive tract infections, pregnancy complications, cases of septic abortion and also provide medical termination of pregnancy services. Each CHC is expected to have a surgeon, a gynaecologist, a paediatrician and an ophthalmologist. The study aimed to assess whether the CHCs are equipped to function as first referral units, the type of services provided at CHCs, and the quality of these services, especially those that address women’s reproductive health needs. The study found that in many of the CHCs major improvements with regard to availability of manpower and infrastructure in order to be able to function as FRUs.]]></description>
            <author>cortresearch@sify.com (Centre for Operations Research and Training)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2003 10:41:51 +0100</pubDate>
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            <title>Quality of Care at Rural Health Facilities</title>
            <link>http://www.phishare.org/files/460_Quality-of-care-FW.doc</link>
            <description><![CDATA[This is a qualitative study carried out in Vidisha district of Madhya Pradesh to assess, from the clients’ as well as providers’ perspectives, the quality of family welfare services provided by rural health facilities in terms of access and availability of services, information provided to clients, contraceptive choice, interpersonal relations, technical competence, follow-up and continuity of care. The study focused on the three service delivery points of the rural health care system - the Primary Health Centre (PHC), sub-centres and outreach extension activities of health workers – auxiliary nurse midwives (ANM) and male health workers. The study shows that service delivery, especially in the outreach areas is affected by various systemic problems like: inaccessibility and non-availability of services due to distant location, lack of transport facility, non-residence of health providers in their work areas, lack of basic infrastructural facilities, shortage of equipment and supplies, irregular and infrequent visits of health workers in the outreach areas]]></description>
            <author>cortresearch@sify.com (Centre for Operations Research and Training)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2003 10:20:13 +0100</pubDate>
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            <title>Barriers to Optimal Breast-feeding Practices</title>
            <link>http://www.phishare.org/files/459_breast-feeding-Jharkhand.doc</link>
            <description><![CDATA[The study aimed to explore the breast-feeding practices among mothers in two blocks - Patamda and Potka of East Singhbhum district, Jharkhand and also identify the potential areas of intensified intervention to improve breast-feeding practices. More specifically it aimed to assess the level of knowledge and current breast-feeding practices among mothers of infants and to identify the barriers to optimal breast-feeding practices in the study area. In all, 474 women who had given birth to a child in the last one year were interviewed. The study shows the need to promote awareness about optimal infant feeding practices like feeding colostrums, not feeding prelacteals, exclusive breastfeeding, age for initiating supplementary feeding, increasing frequency of breastfeeding during diarrhoea. The study also highlights the importance of educating mothers-in-law, traditional birth attendants, and other older female relatives who greatly influence infant feeding practices.]]></description>
            <author>cortresearch@sify.com (Centre for Operations Research and Training)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2003 10:19:46 +0100</pubDate>
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            <title>Unwanted Pregnancy: To Accept Or Abort? A qualitative study of decision making in rural Uttar ...</title>
            <link>http://www.phishare.org/files/458_Abortion-Decision-Making.doc</link>
            <description><![CDATA[This is a qualitative study of decision making in accepting and terminating unwanted pregnancies. The study was conducted in two villages in central Uttar Pradesh. In all, 132 women were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. From among women who reported they had wanted, attempted or had an induced abortion, 35 were followed-up for detailed qualitative information. Out of the 170 unwanted pregnancies reported by these women, majority (121) were accepted, while in 49 pregnancies, women wanted to get an abortion. Of these, in 34 cases, women first informed their husbands, mostly to get their consent. The husband’s consent was a major factor in the decision to seek abortion. Other family members had very little role in influencing the decision. In 10 pregnancies the husbands refused consent out right and the women had to accept the pregnancy. In 15 cases women attempted abortion without informing or consulting their husbands, mainly out of the fear that they would not consent. The pregnancies in which induced abortion was attempted (39) women relied more on methods like herbal concoctions, medicines, injections, inserting objects (sticks) and unsafe providers like traditional birth attendants and untrained medical practitioners. Only 20 of the 39 attempted abortions reported in the study were successful.]]></description>
            <author>cortresearch@sify.com (Centre for Operations Research and Training)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2003 10:06:41 +0100</pubDate>
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