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        <title>InfoShare Partner - ICDDR,B</title>
        <description>Population and Health InfoShare : Newest 15 Documents by ICDDR,B. Sharing Knowledge to Improve Public Health Worldwide</description>
        <link>http://www.phishare.org/documents/icddrb/?order=Date%20DESC</link>
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        <item>
            <title>Index to JHPN articles: June 2000-December 2007</title>
            <link>http://www.icddrb.org/images/Index-to-JHPN-Articles-2000-2007.pdf</link>
            <description><![CDATA[The Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition (JHPN) was relaunched in June 2000 expanding the scope of the former Journal of Diarrhoeal Diseases Research (JDDR).

The Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition is a peer-reviewed journal, and each manuscript is reviewed by at least 3 experts in the respective fields. The Journal is indexed/abstracted by all the major international indexing/abstracting systems, including Clinical Medicine, Research Alert, SCI Expanded, SCI JCR, Index Medicus, PubMed/ MEDLINE, POPLINE, Google Scholar, Elsevier Bibliographic Databases (Scopus, Embase, EMBiology, and EMCare), Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, CAB Health, etc.
 
The Index to JHPN Articles includes citations of papers that were published during June 2000–December 2007. The Index covers review articles, original papers, new concepts, short reports, letters, meeting reports, commentaries, and editorials.
 
The first part of the Index has been arranged alphabetically by names of authors with cross references to co-authors. The second part of the Index includes references to subjects covered in the papers. The Subject Index also includes information on countries. The Subject Index has been organized in alphabetical order by subjects..
 
The Index will particularly be useful to those who are interested to know about the types of papers published, who published, and the subjects covered in the Journal.

ICDDR,B special publication no. 127]]></description>
            <author>pthorpe@icddrb.org (ICDDR,B)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 12 May 2008 06:01:11 +0100</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>Chakaria Health and Demographic Surveillance System: focusing on the poor and vulnerable. ...</title>
            <link>http://www.icddrb.org/images/Chakaria-HDSS-Report-SR102.pdf</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Chakaria is one of the 465 upazilas (sub-districts) in Bangladesh. It is located between latitudes 21o34' North and 21o55' North and longitudes 91o54' and 92o13' East in the southeastern coast of the Bay of Bengal. Administratively, it is under Cox's Bazar district with a population of around 410,770 in 2006. The highway from Chittagong to Cox's Bazar passes through Chakaria. The east side of Chakaria is hilly, while on the west side towards the Bay of Bengal is lowland.

ICDDR,B started its activities in Chakaria in 1994. The focus of the activities has been to facilitate local initiatives for the improvement of health of the villagers in general and of children, women, and the poor in particular. Thus, the activities of the project have been participatory with emphasis on empowering the people by raising awareness about health, inducing positive preventive behaviour through health education, and providing technical assistance to any health initiatives taken by the village-based indigenous self-help organizations. Some major initiatives taken by the villagers included assessment of health needs, defining actions for health, implementing them, and monitoring their implementation and outputs. Among the health-related activities, identification of volunteers for health education, mobilizing local resources for the establishment of village health posts and their management, introduction of a pre-paid family health card, and establishment of health cooperatives have been the major ones. 

Collection of data from sample households on a quarterly basis, referred hitherto as Chakaria Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Chakaria HDSS), has been initiated in both the areas since 1999. The primary purpose of this surveillance system is to monitor the impact of interventions with equity focus and generate relevant health, demographic and socioeconomic information for policies and programmes, and further research. This report presents data collected through the Chakaria HDSS during 2006.

ICDDR,B scientific report no. 102]]></description>
            <author>pthorpe@icddrb.org (ICDDR,B)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 12 May 2008 05:46:51 +0100</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>Outbreaks of Nipah virus in Rajbari and Manikgonj, February 2008</title>
            <link>http://www.icddrb.org/images/hsb61Eng_Outbreaks.pdf</link>
            <description><![CDATA[In February, two clusters of Nipah virus encephalitis were identified in Manikgonj and Rajbari Districts. All 9 cases presented with fever and altered mental status; 8 have died. A collaborative team from the Institute for Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Bangladesh and ICDDR,B are conducting epidemiological studies to determine risk factors for disease. Findings from these investigations will be reported in future editions of the Health and Science Bulletin.

Health and Science Bulletin, 6(1):12-13]]></description>
            <author>pthorpe@icddrb.org (ICDDR,B)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 02 Apr 2008 09:23:57 +0100</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>Invasive pneumococcal disease burden and implications for vaccine policy in urban Bangladesh</title>
            <link>http://www.icddrb.org/images/hsb61Eng_Invasive.pdf</link>
            <description><![CDATA[We conducted active population-based surveillance among children less than 5 years of age living in a low-income community in Dhaka to determine the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease, serotype distribution, and clinical presentation. From April 2004 through March 2006, 5,903 blood cultures were collected from 6,167 eligible children. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from 34 patients. Invasive pneumococcal disease was associated with pneumonia (24%), upper respiratory infection (62%) and febrile syndromes (14%). Overall and 13-valent vaccine related disease incidences were 447 episodes/100,000 child-years and 276 episodes/100,000 child-years, respectively. Penicillin resistance was 2.9%. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines would be effective in Bangladesh.

Health and Science Bulletin, 6(1):7-12]]></description>
            <author>pthorpe@icddrb.org (ICDDR,B)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 02 Apr 2008 09:19:27 +0100</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>Hospital based surveillance revealed high prevalence of influenza in Bangladesh</title>
            <link>http://www.icddrb.org/images/hsb61Eng_Hospital-based.pdf</link>
            <description><![CDATA[We conducted influenza surveillance in 12 hospitals across Bangladesh to identify clusters of people with life threatening influenza virus infections and to characterize the diversity of circulating influenza strains. We looked for clusters of patients presenting with severe acute respiratory illness and once per month collected specimens from persons seeking care at outpatient departments with influenza like illness. Between May and December 2007, we collected 1,045 specimens; 117 (11%) were influenza positive. Among the positive samples, 46 (39%) were influenza A and 71 (61%) were influenza B. Hemagglutinin subtyping of influenza A positive specimens detected H1 and H3 but no H5 subtypes.

Health and Science Bulletin, 6(1):1-7]]></description>
            <author>pthorpe@icddrb.org (ICDDR,B)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 02 Apr 2008 09:15:32 +0100</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>Consequences of early marriage on female schooling in rural Bangladesh</title>
            <link>http://www.icddrb.org/images/HSB_Eng54_consequences.pdf</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Marriage for women before age 18 is common in rural Bangladesh. This study aimed to assess the relationship between early marriage and duration of schooling for girls in rural Bangladesh. We obtained data from ongoing surveillance conducted by ICDDR,B in Abhoynagar. None of the sampled females who were married before age 18 attained 11 or more years of schooling, whereas, 23% of the females who married at age 25 or above completed 11 or more years of schooling. Women who married below age 19 were also less likely to work outside the home. These data suggest that delaying female marriage may increase female schooling attainment.

Health and Science Bulletin, 5(4):13-18]]></description>
            <author>pthorpe@icddrb.org (ICDDR,B)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 28 Jan 2008 05:13:43 +0100</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: New observations challenge previous assumptions</title>
            <link>http://www.icddrb.org/images/HSB_Eng54_post.pdf</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis, or PKDL, is a variable skin manifestation seen in a proportion of treated kala-azar patients, usually after resolution of systemic symptoms. Though historically long recognized and felt to be a critical component of the visceral leishmaniasis transmission cycle, the epidemiologic and clinical features of the phenomenon remain poorly understood. Initial findings in an ongoing active surveillance study in Fulbaria, Mymensingh, reveal PKDL rates as high as 18% in recently treated kala-azar patients, that the majority of PKDL patients present with skin lesions within 2 years of being treated for kala-azar, and that several affected patients have achieved clinical resolution without completing the recommended regimen of 6 months of sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) injections. These preliminary observations put into question several basic assumptions of PKDL - around rates of disease, clinical patterns, and treatment requirements – and urge further research and reconsideration of existing control efforts.

Health and Science Bulletin, 5(4):6-12]]></description>
            <author>pthorpe@icddrb.org (ICDDR,B)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 28 Jan 2008 05:09:28 +0100</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>Person-to-person transmission of Nipah infection in Bangladesh, 2007</title>
            <link>http://www.icddrb.org/images/HSB_Eng54_person_final.pdf</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Two outbreaks of encephalitis, both caused by Nipah viruses, occurred in separate areas of western Bangladesh in 2007. Each outbreak lasted less than 3 weeks and had high (43% and 63%) case-fatality ratios. In both the outbreaks cases were clustered in time and place with a secondary peak of cases following the initial cases suggesting person-to-person transmission. The capacity of the virus to spread from human to human increases the need for enhanced infection prevention measures in a densely populated country such as Bangladesh.

Health and Science Bulletin, 5(4):1-6]]></description>
            <author>pthorpe@icddrb.org (ICDDR,B)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 28 Jan 2008 05:04:21 +0100</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Annual report 2006; ICDDR,B</title>
            <link>http://www.icddrb.org/images/AR2006_All_F.pdf</link>
            <description><![CDATA[This twenty-eighth Annual Report of the Centre documents many aspects of the activities during 2006, including research, support for research, health services, training, dissemina­tion, and administration. Important findings of studies aren presented under the eight research programmes of the Centre. Six separate chapters on six Divisions present infrastruc­tural information, along with the routine activities of each Division.     
 
Scientific papers, abstracts, and other documents produced and published by the Centre staff are also listed in the report. Much of the research included here was initiated in previous years and hence documented in earlier reports. Studies that were completed during 2006 present the final results. Some of the studies initiated earlier are still ongoing, and hence preliminary findings from these studies are reported here.]]></description>
            <author>pthorpe@icddrb.org (ICDDR,B)</author>
            <pubDate>Mon, 28 Jan 2008 04:59:10 +0100</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Newborn aides: an innovative approach in sick newborn care at a district-level special care unit</title>
            <link>http://www.icddrb.org/images/jhpn254_Newborn-Aides.pdf</link>
            <description><![CDATA[A Sick Newborn Care Unit (SNCU), established in a district hospital in India, substantially reduced the neonatal mortality rate in the district; it, however, suffered from a dearth of trained nurses. Local girls with 10-12 years of school education underwent structured and hands-on training for six months, followed by a six-month internship at the SNCU and were assigned to it as stipendiary ‘Newborn Aides’. Based on the results of formal examinations, internal on-the-job assessment and interview of doctors, nurses, and parents and their technical skills and motivation were rated very high. Although the incremental cost of training is small, the cost of sustaining them, i.e. stipend and replacing attrition, needs to be addressed. Trained Newborn Aides may substantially alleviate human-resource constraint for SNCUs and Sick Newborn Stabilization units in smaller peripheral hospitals for care of sick newborns at an affordable cost.

Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 25(4):495-501]]></description>
            <author>pthorpe@icddrb.org (ICDDR,B)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 23 Jan 2008 10:31:57 +0100</pubDate>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Body mass index of male youths aged 18-20 years of the Han nationality living in different ...</title>
            <link>http://www.icddrb.org/images/jhpn254_Body-Mass.pdf</link>
            <description><![CDATA[The study was conducted to assess the nutritional status and levels of body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and to evaluate the geographical distribution of male youths of the Han nationality in China. In total, 60,773 male youths, aged 18-20 years, of the Han nationality, were categorized into underweight, normal-weight, overweight, and obesity according to the international adult BMI cut-offs. Different levels of nutritional status and BMI of male youths of the Han nationality were compared among different areas. The mean BMI for the whole country was 20.6 in urban areas and 20.0in rural areas. BMI increased from 20.1 among 18-year old youths to 20.5 among 20-year old youths. The prevalence of underweight among the male youths was 21.6%, while the prevalence of overweight and obesity were 4.6% and 0.6% respectively. For urban youths, the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity were 21.0%, 6.8%, and 1.1% respectively, while these were, respectively, 21.9%, 3.3%, and 0.3% for rural youths. The nutritional status of the male youths in North-China was at the highest level (21.1) among the six areas, and the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity were 14.3%, 9.1%, and 1.4% respectively. The highest prevalence of underweight was 29.8% in the North-West region, and the lowest prevalence of overweight was 2.2% in the South-Middle region, while the lowest prevalence of obesity was 0.2% in the South-West region. The nutritional status of the male youths was significantly different among different areas. Underweight was still prevalent in all male youth groups. Nonetheless, overweight was more prevalent among urban youths than among rural youths and was more prevalent in the North region than in the South region.

Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 25(4):488-494]]></description>
            <author>pthorpe@icddrb.org (ICDDR,B)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 23 Jan 2008 10:25:57 +0100</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>Delivery practices of traditional birth attendants in Dhaka slums, Bangladesh</title>
            <link>http://www.icddrb.org/images/jhpn254_Delivery.pdf</link>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper describes associations among delivery-location, training of birth attendants, birthing practices, and early postpartum morbidity in women in slum areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh. During November 1993–May 1995, data on delivery-location, training of birth attendants, birthing practices, delivery-related complications, and postpartum morbidity were collected through interviews with 1,506 women, 489 home-based birth attendants, and audits in 20 facilities where the women from this study gave birth. Associations among maternal characteristics, birth practices, delivery-location, and early postpartum morbidity were specifically explored. Self-reported postpartum morbidity was associated with maternal characteristics, delivery-related complications, and some birthing practices. Dais with more experience were more likely to use potentially-harmful birthing practices which increased the risk of postpartum morbidity among women with births at home. Postpartum morbidity did not differ by birth-location. Safe motherhood programmes must develop effective strategies to discourage potentially-harmful home-based delivery practices demonstrated to contribute to morbidity.

Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 25(4):479-487]]></description>
            <author>pthorpe@icddrb.org (ICDDR,B)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 23 Jan 2008 10:22:37 +0100</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>Adults\' perceived prevalence of enteric fever predicts laboratory-validated incidence of ...</title>
            <link>http://www.icddrb.org/images/jhpn254_Adults-Perceived.pdf</link>
            <description><![CDATA[This study was undertaken to develop a model to predict the incidence of typhoid in children based on adults’ perception of prevalence of enteric fever in the wider community. Typhoid cases among children, aged 5-15 years, from epidemic regions in five Asian countries were confirmed with a positive Salmonella Typhi culture of the blood sample. Estimates of the prevalence of enteric fever were obtained from random samples of adults in the same study sites. Regression models were used for establishing the prediction equation. The percentages of enteric fever reported by adults and cases of typhoid incidence per 100,000, detected through blood culture were 4.7 and 24.18 for Viet Nam, 3.8 and 29.20 for China, 26.3 and 180.33 for Indonesia, 66.0 and 454.15 for India, and 52.7 and 407.18 for Pakistan respectively. An established prediction equation was: incidence of typhoid (1/100,000= -2.6946 + 7.2296 × reported prevalence of enteric fever (%). Using adults’ perception of prevalence of disease as the basis for estimating its incidence in children provides a cost-effective behavioural epidemiologic method to facilitate prevention and control of the disease.

Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 25(4):469-478]]></description>
            <author>pthorpe@icddrb.org (ICDDR,B)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 23 Jan 2008 10:19:20 +0100</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>Successful treatment of rotavirus-induced diarrhoea in suckling mice with egg yolk immunoglobulin</title>
            <link>http://www.icddrb.org/images/jhpn254_Successful.pdf</link>
            <description><![CDATA[The role of specific immunoglobulins at mucosal sites in imparting protection against disease, such as rotavirus-associated diarrhoea, is well-established. Oral immunoglobulin therapy with egg yolk-derived anti-rotavirus immunoglobulins has previously been shown to achieve moderate therapeutic effect in diarrhoea due to rotavirus in a clinical trial. Here, data on the therapeutic potential of the same immunoglobulin preparation in an infant mouse model of rotavirus-induced diarrhoea is presented. The use of an animal model has allowed therapy to be evaluated with higher doses of immunoglobulins and has suggested that an improved therapeutic effect can be achieved by increasing the dose in the clinical setting.

Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 25(4):465-468]]></description>
            <author>pthorpe@icddrb.org (ICDDR,B)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 23 Jan 2008 10:11:28 +0100</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>A review of changing episode definitions and their effects on estimates of diarrhoeal morbidity</title>
            <link>http://www.icddrb.org/images/jhpn254_A-Review.pdf</link>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper describes how the methodology used for measuring diarrhoeal morbidity has changed over time and assesses how differences in episode definition have affected estimates of diarrhoeal morbidity among children aged less than five years. The episode definition used in 73 studies included in three previously-published literature reviews was identified. In earlier work, a method was developed that adjusts morbidity estimates to take account of differences in episode definition. This adjustment method was applied to the studies identified in these three literature reviews. Episode definitions were better documented and were more consistent in studies published after 1980. Adjusting morbidity estimates to account for definitional differences did not substantially alter the reviews’ conclusions. Diarrhoeal surveillance has steadily improved since 1980, with methodology becoming more consistent between studies and better documented. Although episode definitions have changed over time, the morbidity estimates derived in the three reviews appear robust to these changes.

Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 25(4)448-455]]></description>
            <author>pthorpe@icddrb.org (ICDDR,B)</author>
            <pubDate>Wed, 23 Jan 2008 10:05:03 +0100</pubDate>
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